Sputum culture and sensitivity
Quick answer: This test grows bacteria from sputum (phlegm) and checks which antibiotics work against them. It is ordered for chest infections such as pneumonia, especially if they are severe or not getting better.
- SampleSputum
- TakesAbout 5 to 10 minutes
- Before the testGive a deep-cough sample, ideally in the morning before eating; rinse your mouth with plain water first.
How the test is done
- 1You rinse your mouth with plain water
- 2You breathe deeply and cough up phlegm from deep in the chest
- 3You spit it into a sterile container and close the lid
- 4The lab checks the sample quality and grows any bacteria
What your results can mean
Reading your report
Mouth bacteria can mix with the sample, so your doctor will read the result with your symptoms and X-ray.
If the result is outside the usual range
Growth of bacteria can point to a chest infection such as pneumonia or bronchitis and helps guide antibiotic choice. Mouth germs can mix into the sample, so results are read with symptoms and X-ray findings.
Who usually has this test
People with pneumonia, chest infections not improving with treatment, or long-standing lung disease with flare-ups.
Risks and aftercare
There are no risks, though coughing may leave your throat a little sore.
Names and options
Also called: sputum C/S, phlegm culture
Listed by the hospital as
- CULTURE AND SENSITIVITY, SPUTUM
Questions about this test
Why does the lab reject some sputum samples?
If the sample is mostly saliva, it does not reflect what is in the lungs. The lab may ask for a new sample coughed up from deeper.
Does a sputum culture test for TB?
No, routine sputum culture looks for common bacteria. TB needs an AFB smear or AFB culture.
When should I give the sputum sample?
Early morning, after rinsing your mouth, is usually easiest, as phlegm collects overnight. Give it before starting antibiotics if possible.
Related tests
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This page explains each test in general terms so you know what to expect. It is not medical advice: your doctor decides which tests you need and what your results mean. Reference ranges differ between laboratories. Updated 4 November 2026.