Immunofixation electrophoresis (serum and urine)
Quick answer: Immunofixation identifies the exact type of an abnormal antibody protein (paraprotein) in blood or urine. Doctors order it to confirm and type a paraprotein found on electrophoresis, as in myeloma and related disorders.
- SampleBlood or urine
- TakesAbout 5 minutes for blood; up to 24 hours for urine collection
- Before the testNo special preparation is usually needed; for urine, follow the collection instructions given.
How the test is done
- 1For blood, a needle draws a sample from a vein
- 2For urine, you give a sample or collect all urine for 24 hours
- 3The lab separates the proteins on a gel
- 4Specific stains identify the type of any abnormal antibody
What your results can mean
Reading your report
The report states whether a paraprotein is seen and its type, so discuss it with your doctor.
If the result is outside the usual range
A positive result identifies the type of paraprotein, which can be seen with myeloma, MGUS, Waldenstrom's disease or amyloidosis. A negative result means no paraprotein was found.
Who usually has this test
People with an abnormal band on protein electrophoresis, and people with suspected myeloma, amyloidosis or related conditions.
Risks and aftercare
There are no special risks; keep any urine container cool until returned.
Names and options
Also called: IFE, immunofixation, Bence Jones protein test
Options
- Serum
- Urine
Listed by the hospital as
- IMMUNOFIXATION ELECTROPHORESIS, SERUM
- IMMUNOFIXATION TEST, URINE
Questions about this test
Why is immunofixation done after electrophoresis?
Electrophoresis can show an abnormal band, and immunofixation tells exactly which type of antibody it is.
Why might both blood and urine be tested?
Some abnormal proteins, such as light chains, show up more clearly in urine. Testing both gives a fuller picture.
Does a positive immunofixation mean cancer?
Not necessarily. Many people have MGUS, which is not cancer but is monitored. Your doctor will explain your result.
Related tests
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This page explains each test in general terms so you know what to expect. It is not medical advice: your doctor decides which tests you need and what your results mean. Reference ranges differ between laboratories. Updated 4 November 2026.