Anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA) test
Quick answer: This blood test looks for antibodies against mitochondria, the energy parts of cells. AMA-M2 checks the specific type most linked to liver disease. Doctors usually order it when liver tests suggest primary biliary cholangitis, a long-term autoimmune condition of the bile ducts.
- SampleBlood
- TakesAbout 5 minutes
- Before the testNo special preparation is usually needed.
How the test is done
- 1You are seated and your arm is straightened
- 2The skin over a vein is cleaned
- 3A needle collects a tube of blood
- 4The lab tests the serum for mitochondrial antibodies, including the M2 type
What your results can mean
Reading your report
A positive result does not by itself confirm a disease, because some healthy people test positive; your doctor reads it with your symptoms and other tests.
If the result is outside the usual range
A positive AMA, especially AMA-M2, is seen in most people with primary biliary cholangitis, even before liver tests change. It can occasionally be positive in other autoimmune conditions or in healthy people.
Who usually has this test
People with a raised alkaline phosphatase on liver tests, itching or tiredness without a clear cause, often middle-aged women.
Risks and aftercare
You may feel a brief sting during the draw and have a small bruise afterwards.
Names and options
Also called: AMA, AMA-M2, mitochondrial antibody
Options
- Mitochondrial antibody
- AMA-M2
Listed by the hospital as
- AMA-M2 (M2)
- MITOCHONDRIAL ANTIBODY, SERUM
Questions about this test
What is primary biliary cholangitis?
It is a long-term condition where the immune system slowly damages the small bile ducts in the liver. It was once called primary biliary cirrhosis. Early treatment can slow it down.
Does a positive AMA mean my liver is damaged?
Not always. Some people have a positive AMA with normal liver tests. Doctors usually follow liver blood tests over time to watch for changes.
What is the difference between AMA and AMA-M2?
AMA is the general screen for antibodies against mitochondria. M2 is the specific subtype most strongly linked to primary biliary cholangitis, so it is more specific.
Related tests
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This page explains each test in general terms so you know what to expect. It is not medical advice: your doctor decides which tests you need and what your results mean. Reference ranges differ between laboratories. Updated 4 November 2026.