Absolute neutrophil count (ANC)
Quick answer: This test measures the number of neutrophils, the white blood cells that fight bacterial infection, in your blood. It is used to check infection risk, especially during chemotherapy or with medicines that can lower white cells.
- SampleBlood
- TakesAbout 5 minutes
- Before the testNo special preparation is usually needed.
How the test is done
- 1Blood is drawn from a vein into a purple-top tube
- 2The analyser counts the total white cells and the neutrophils
- 3The ANC is the total white count multiplied by the neutrophil share
- 4If needed, a smear is checked by hand
What your results can mean
Reading your report
Ranges differ between labs and some healthy people naturally have lower counts; discuss your result with your doctor.
If the result is outside the usual range
A high count can be seen with bacterial infection, inflammation, stress, pregnancy or steroid medicines. A low count can be seen with viral infections, some medicines including chemotherapy, and bone marrow problems, and raises the risk of infection.
Who usually has this test
People on chemotherapy or medicines that can lower neutrophils, and those with frequent infections.
Risks and aftercare
Bruising is possible; if your count is low, follow your doctor's advice on avoiding infection.
Names and options
Also called: ANC, neutrophil count
Listed by the hospital as
- ABSOLUTE NEUTROPHIL COUNT
Questions about this test
What does neutropenia mean?
Neutropenia means a low neutrophil count, which makes bacterial infections more likely. A fever with neutropenia needs urgent care.
Can some people have a naturally lower neutrophil count?
Yes, some healthy people have naturally lower counts without a higher risk of infection. Your doctor will look at your history and repeat results.
Why is the ANC checked before chemotherapy?
Chemotherapy can lower neutrophils. Doctors check the ANC to decide whether it is safe to give the next dose.
Related tests
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This page explains each test in general terms so you know what to expect. It is not medical advice: your doctor decides which tests you need and what your results mean. Reference ranges differ between laboratories. Updated 4 November 2026.