Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) blood test
Quick answer: An AFP test measures alpha-fetoprotein, a protein made by a developing baby and, in adults, by some liver and germ-cell tumours. In pregnancy it is part of screening for neural tube defects and some chromosomal conditions; outside pregnancy it helps follow certain liver and testicular cancers.
- SampleBlood
- TakesAbout 5 minutes
- Before the testNo special preparation is usually needed.
- In fertility careIn pregnancy, AFP is used in second-trimester screening and is read against the exact week of pregnancy.
How the test is done
- 1If pregnant, you share your scan report so the exact week is known
- 2The inside of your elbow is cleaned
- 3Blood is drawn from a vein into a tube
- 4The result is read against your week of pregnancy, or your past results
What your results can mean
Reading your report
In pregnancy the result depends on the exact week, so discuss it with your doctor.
If the result is outside the usual range
In pregnancy, a high level can be seen with neural tube defects, twins or a wrong pregnancy date, and a low level with some chromosomal conditions. Outside pregnancy, a high level can be seen with some liver conditions and liver or germ-cell tumours.
Who usually has this test
Pregnant women having second-trimester screening, and adults being checked or followed for liver disease or some testicular and ovarian tumours.
Risks and aftercare
You may have a small bruise; nothing else is needed afterwards.
Names and options
Also called: AFP, alpha feto protein
Listed by the hospital as
- ALPHA FETO PROTEIN (AFP), SERUM
Questions about this test
What does an abnormal AFP in pregnancy mean?
It means the chance of certain conditions is higher or lower than average, not that your baby has a problem. Your doctor may suggest a detailed scan or further tests.
When is AFP tested in pregnancy?
AFP is usually checked between about 15 and 20 weeks as part of the triple or quadruple marker test. The exact week must be known to read it.
Why is AFP checked in people with liver disease?
AFP can rise with some liver cancers. Doctors may use it with ultrasound to monitor people at higher risk, such as those with long-term hepatitis B or cirrhosis.
Related tests
Tamara Hospital & IVF Centre, Rajajinagar
34/3, 10th Cross Road, opp. Vardhaka Sardar Patel School, 1st N Block, 2nd Stage, Rajajinagar, Bengaluru 560010
The hospital is open 24 hours. Call before you come to check the timing for your scan or sample collection.
Get directions ↗IVF Pulse fertility care at Tamara Hospital →
Reception
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This page explains each test in general terms so you know what to expect. It is not medical advice: your doctor decides which tests you need and what your results mean. Reference ranges differ between laboratories. Updated 4 November 2026.