Urine VMA (vanillylmandelic acid) test
Quick answer: A urine VMA test measures vanillylmandelic acid, a breakdown product of adrenaline and noradrenaline. It is used to look for rare tumours that make these hormones, such as neuroblastoma in children and phaeochromocytoma.
- Sample24-hour urine or spot urine
- Takes24 hours of collection, or a few minutes for a spot sample
- Before the testThe lab may give diet instructions, and some medicines affect results, so tell your doctor what you take but do not stop anything on your own.
How the test is done
- 1You get a container, often with an acid preservative, and diet instructions
- 2You discard the first morning urine and note the time
- 3You collect all urine for the next 24 hours, keeping it cool
- 4For children, a spot urine sample may be used instead
What your results can mean
Reading your report
Normal ranges differ between labs, so compare your result with the range printed on your report and discuss it with your doctor.
If the result is outside the usual range
A high VMA can point to a tumour that makes adrenaline-type hormones, such as neuroblastoma in children or phaeochromocytoma, and can also be raised by some foods, medicines or stress. A normal result makes these tumours less likely but does not fully rule them out.
Who usually has this test
Children with a lump in the abdomen or other signs of neuroblastoma, and people with spells of high blood pressure, sweating and palpitations.
Risks and aftercare
There are no risks from urine collection; keep the preservative away from skin and do not pour it out.
Names and options
Also called: VMA, vanillylmandelic acid
Options
- 24-hour urine
- Spot urine
Listed by the hospital as
- VMA (VANILLYL MANDELIC ACID) 24 HRS URINE
- VMA SPOT URINE
Questions about this test
What foods should I avoid before a VMA test?
Some labs ask you to avoid foods like bananas, chocolate, vanilla, citrus fruits, coffee and tea for a few days before. Follow the lab's instructions, as they differ.
Is VMA or metanephrines better for phaeochromocytoma?
Metanephrines are now the preferred test for phaeochromocytoma because they are more sensitive. VMA is still used, especially for neuroblastoma in children.
Why is the VMA test used in children?
Most children with neuroblastoma have raised VMA and related substances in their urine. The test helps with diagnosis and follow-up after treatment.
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This page explains each test in general terms so you know what to expect. It is not medical advice: your doctor decides which tests you need and what your results mean. Reference ranges differ between laboratories. Updated 4 November 2026.