Urine porphobilinogen test
Quick answer: This urine test checks for porphobilinogen, a substance that builds up in some types of porphyria. It is ordered during attacks of severe abdominal pain, confusion or weakness when acute porphyria is suspected.
- SampleUrine or 24-hour urine
- TakesA few minutes for a spot sample; 24 hours for a full collection
- Before the testThe lab may ask you to protect the sample from light; for the 24-hour test, you will be given a container and collection instructions.
How the test is done
- 1You are given a dark or foil-wrapped container to protect the sample from light
- 2A spot urine sample is often collected during an attack of symptoms
- 3For a 24-hour test, you collect all urine over a full day
- 4The container is kept cool and returned to the lab quickly
What your results can mean
Reading your report
Normal ranges differ between labs, so compare your result with the range printed on your report and discuss it with your doctor.
If the result is outside the usual range
A high level, especially during symptoms, can point to an acute porphyria such as acute intermittent porphyria. A normal level during an attack makes acute porphyria less likely.
Who usually has this test
People with unexplained attacks of severe tummy pain, vomiting, confusion or weakness, and relatives of people with acute porphyria.
Risks and aftercare
Collecting urine has no risks; if you are having an attack, follow the care advice your doctor gives you.
Names and options
Also called: PBG test, porphobilinogen
Options
- Spot urine
- 24-hour urine
Listed by the hospital as
- PORPHOBILINOGEN (QUALITATIVE) 24HRS URINE
- PORPHOBILINOGEN, URINE (QUALITATIVE)
Questions about this test
When should a porphobilinogen urine test be done?
The test is most useful during or soon after an attack of symptoms, when levels are highest. A test done between attacks may be normal.
Why must the urine sample be protected from light?
Light can break down porphobilinogen in the sample and give a falsely low result. Labs give you a dark container or ask you to wrap it in foil.
What can trigger an acute porphyria attack?
Attacks can be triggered by some medicines, alcohol, fasting, infection and hormonal changes such as around periods. If you have porphyria, your doctor will advise which medicines to avoid.
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This page explains each test in general terms so you know what to expect. It is not medical advice: your doctor decides which tests you need and what your results mean. Reference ranges differ between laboratories. Updated 4 November 2026.